Bean Common Mosaic Potyvirus (BCMV) Characterized from Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Crops Affected by Mosaic Disease in Denizli Province, Türkiye
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 199 - 207, 31.07.2023
Mustafa Usta
,
Abdullah Güller
Öz
Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the world's oldest crops with both financial and nutritional importance. Bean common mosaic potyvirus (BCMV) is one of the prevalent viral agents that affect beans across the globe. Determining the presence of the agent in the relevant region is critical for minimizing crop losses by implementing appropriate preventive and control measures. In this study, 73 bean leaf samples were collected from bean-growing areas in the Denizli province of Türkiye in 2022. The samples were screened for the presence of viral agents using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with specific primers targeting the polypeptide gene. 26 of the bean samples were found to be positive for BCMV. The coat protein gene sequences of two randomly selected positive isolates were sequenced and deposited in the GenBank with accession numbers OQ910196 and OQ910197. The nucleotide sequences of isolates were found to have high similarity with those of isolates identified in various regions of the world. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that these isolates from Denizli, Türkiye were closely related to other Turkish isolates. However, since some Turkish isolates in the cluster associated with the Denizli isolates were identified as belonging to the US-5 or NL-6 strain, the current sequences may be related to these strains. Further research is necessary to identify the exact strain of the Denizli isolates, which could be achieved through the use of a strain differentiation set.
Teşekkür
Çalışmada emeği geçen hocalarıma teşekkür ederim
Kaynakça
- Açıkgöz, S., 1984. The Identification of Viruses on Phaseolus vulgaris L. and Their Distribution and Damages in Erzincan and Erzurum Regions. Atatürk University, Agriculture Faculty, Erzurum, Türkiye. (In Turkish).
- Agrios, G.N., 1997. Plant diseases caused by viruses. Plant Pathology, pp. 479-556.
- Akdura, N., Kılıç, H.Ç., 2022., Detection of alfalfa mosaic virus and tomato spotted wilt virus in tomato and pepper growing areas of Hakkari province. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 26(3): 435-440. (In Turkish).
- Al-Shahwan, I.M., Abdalla, O.A., Al-Saleh, M.A., Amer, M.A., 2017. Detection of new viruses in alfalfa, weeds and cultivated plants growing adjacent to alfalfa fields in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 24(6): 1336-1343.
- Apalak, A., 2018. Determination and characterization of edible legumes in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Master’s Thesis, University of Çukurova, Adana, Türkiye. (In Turkish).
- Arli-Sokmen, M., Deligoz, I., Kutluk-Yilmaz, N.D., 2016. Characterization of bean common mosaic virus and bean common mosaic necrosis virus isolates in common bean growing areas in Turkey. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 146: 1-16.
- Arlı Sökmen, M., Deligöz, İ., Kutluk Yılmaz, N.D., 2011. Differentiation of strains of bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) and bean common mosaic necrosis virus and occurrence of novel temperature-insensitive necrotic isolates of BCMV in Turkey. Proceedings of the Fourth Plant Protection Congress of Turkey, June 28-30, Kahramanmaraş/Turkey, pp. 54. (In Turkish).
- Bitocchi, E., Nanni, L., Bellucci, E., Rossi, M., Giardini, A., Zeuli, P.S., Logozzo, G., Stougaard, J., McClean, P., Attene, G., Papa, R., 2012. Mesoamerican origin of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is revealed by sequence data. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109(14): 788-796.
- Chan, Y.L., Saidov, N., Lee, L.M., Kuo, F.H., Shih, S.L., Kenyon, L., 2022. Survey of viruses infecting tomato, cucumber and mung bean in Tajikistan. Horticulturae, 8(6): 505.
- Çolak Ateş, A., Fidan, H., Yılmaz, N., Konuksal, A., 2017. Botrytis fabae and bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) are the most common diseases of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in TRNC. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi, 6(2): 115-122.
- Collmer, C.W., Marston, M.F., Taylor, J.C., Jahn, M., 2000. The I gene of bean: A dosage-dependent allele conferring extreme resistance, hypersensitive resistance, or spreading vascular necrosis in response to the potyvirus bean common mosaic virus. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 13(11): 1266-1270.
- Coutts, B.A., Kehoe, M.A., Webster, C.G., Wylie, S.J., Jones, R.A.C., 2011. Indigenous and introduced potyviruses of legumes and Passiflora spp. from Australia: Biological properties and comparison of coat protein nucleotide sequences. Archives of Virology, 156: 1757-1774.
- Çulal Kılıç, H., Kök, H., Yardimci, N., 2020. Bean ommon mosaic virus (BCMV) and bean common necrosis mosaic virus (BCMNV) infections in common bean fields in the Lakes Region, Turkey. European Journal of Science and Technology, 19: 386-392.
- Çulal Kılıç, H., Yardımcı, N., Açıkyürek, S., Uzal, A., 2015. Detection of BCMV AMV and CMV by DAS ELISA and immunocapture RT PCR in bean growing areas in the West Mediterranean Region Turkey. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 24(5): 1752-1756.
- Çulal-Kılıç, H., Yardimci, N., 2015. Occurrence of alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) infecting bean crop in Burdur province, Turkey. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 3(2): 173-177.
- Damayanti, T.A., Alabi, O.J., Rauf, A., Naidu, R.A., 2010. The occurrence of bean common mosaic virus and cucumber mosaic virus in Yardlong beans in Indonesia. Plant Disease, 94(4): 478-478.
- Deligoz, I., Arli-Sokmen, M., 2008. Differentiation of bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) and bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV) strains infecting common bean in Samsun Province. Journal of Turkish Phytopathology, 37(1-3): 1-14.
- Deligöz, I., Arlı Sökmen, M., 2013. Determination of resistance to bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) and bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV) in some common bean genotypes using qualitative, quantitative and molecular methods. Plant Protection Bulletin, 53(2): 101-113. (In Turkish).
- Drijfhout, E., 1978. Genetic interaction between Phaseolus vulgaris and bean common mosaic virus with implications for strain identification and breeding for resistance. Doctoral Thesis, Wageningen University and Research, Netherlands.
- El-Sawy, M.A., Mohamed, H.A.E., Elsharkawy, M.M., 2013. Serological and molecular characterisations of the Egyptian isolate of bean common mosaic virus. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 47(12): 1-13.
- Flores-Estevez, N., Acosta-Gallegos, J., Silva-Rosales, L., 2003. Bean common mosaic virus and bean common mosaic necrosis virus in Mexico. Plant Disease, 87(1): 21-25.
- Foissac, L., Gentit, P., Svanetia-Dumas, L., Dulucq, M.J., Candresse, T., 2001. Polyvalent detection of fruit tree tricho, capillo, and foveaviruses by nested RT-PCR using degenerated and inosine-containing primers (PDO RT-PCR). Acta Horticulturae, 550: 37-43.
- Galvez, G., Morales, F., 1989. Aphid-transmitted viruses. In: H.F. Schwartz and M.A. Pastor-Corrales (Eds.), Bean Production Problems in the Tropics (2nd Edn.), Cali, Colombia: Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, pp. 211-240.
- Gibbs, A.J., Trueman, J., Gibbs, M.J., 2008. The bean common mosaic virus lineage of potyviruses: Where did it arise and when? Archives of Virology, 153(12): 2177-2187.
- Güller, A., Usta, M., 2018. Cloning and molecular characterization of the coat protein gene of Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) isolate isolated from bean plants in Van province. 1st Anatolian International Multidisciplinary Studies Congress, 28-29 Aralık, Diyarbakır, Türkiye, p. 211. (In Turkish).
- Gümüş, M., Erkan, S., Yorgancı, Ü., Duman, I., 2001. Research on the detection of viral agents in the seeds of certain vegetables. Türkiye IX. Phytopathology Congress, 3-8 Eylül, Tekirdağ, Türkiye, pp. 190-197. (In Turkish).
- Güzel, Ö., Arlı Sökmen, M., 2003. Determination of some viruses infecting common bean (Phaseoulus vulgaris L.) and their incidences in seed lots in Samsun province. The Journal of Turkish Phytopathology, 32(2) : 99-106.
- Halbert, S.E., Mink, G.I., Silbernagel, M.J., Mowry, T.M., 1994. Transmission of bean common mosaic virus by cereal aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae). Plant Disease, 78(10): 983-985.
- Hosseini, A., Hosseini, S., 2014. Occurrence and distribution of bean common mosaic virus and bean yellow mosaic virus from common bean fields of Kerman Province, Iran. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences, 4(2): 528-535.
- Hull, R., 2014. Plant Virology (5th Ed.). Academic Press, New York.
- Ivanov, K.I., Eskelin, K., Lo˜hmus, A., Ma¨kinen, K., 2014. Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying potyvirus infection. Journal of General Virology, 95(7): 1415-1429.
- Johnson, W.C., Guzmán, P., Mandala, D., Mkandawire, A.B.C., Temple, S., Gilbertson, R.L., Gepts, P., 1997. Molecular tagging of the BC-3 gene for introgression into Andean common bean. Crop Science, 37(1): 248-254.
- Jordan, R., Hammond, J., 2008. Bean common mosaic virus and bean common mosaic necrosis virus. In: B.W.J. Mahy and M.H.V. Van Regenmortel (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Virology, (3rd Edition), Academic Press, pp. 288-295.
- Kelly, J.D., Afanador, L., Haley, S.D., 1995. Pyramiding genes for resistance to bean common mosaic virus. Euphytica, 82: 207-212.
- Kılıç, H.Ç., Kök, H., Yardımcı, N., 2020. Bean common mosaic virus and bean common mosaic necrosis virus infections in bean production areas in The Lakes Region of Turkey. European Journal of Science and Technology, 19: 386-392.
- Kılıç, H.Ç., Yardımcı, N., Ürgen, G., 2013. Investigation of some important virus diseases on bean plants in Muğla-Fethiye subprovince. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Bursa Uludag University, 27(1): 1-8. (In Turkish).
Kutluk Yılmaz, N.D., Gümüş, M., Erkan, S., 2002. Studies on determination of virus diseases in the seeds of bean from Tokat province. Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Ege University, 38(3): 49-55.
- Larsen, R.C., Miklas, P.N., Eastwell, K.C., Grau, C.R., Mondjana, A., 2002. A virus disease complex devastating late season snap bean production in the Midwest. Annual Report-Bean Improvement Cooperative, 45: 36-37.
- Lillian, C., Msuku, W.A., 2001. Sattus of common bean bean mosaic virus in common beans in Malawi. Bean/Cowpea Collaborative Research Subbort Program-East Africa Proceddings: Bean Seed Workshop Arusha, January 12-14, Tanzania.
- Morales, F.J., 2006. Common beans. In: G. Loebenstein and J.P. Carr (Eds.), Natural Resistance Mechanisms of Plants to Viruses, The Netherlands: Springer, pp. 367-382.
- Muhire, B.M., Varsani, A., Martin, D.P., 2014. SDT: A virus classifcation tool based on pairwise sequence alignment and identity calculation. PLoS One, 9(9): e108277.
- Naderpour, M., Lund, O.S., Larsen, R., Johansen, E., 2010. Potyviral resistance derived from cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris carrying BC‐3 is associated with the homozygotic presence of a mutated eIF4E allele. Molecular Plant Pathology, 11(2): 255-263.
- Nault, B.A., Shah, D.A., Dillard, H.R., Mcfaul, A.R., 2004. Seasonal and spatial dynamics of alate aphid dispersal in snap bean fields in proximity to alfalfa and implications for virus management. Environment Entomology, 33(6): 1593-1601.
- Oana, D., Ziegler, A., Torrance, L., Gasemi, S., Danci, M., 2009. Potyviridae family-short review. Journal of Horticulture, Forestry and Biotechnology, 13: 410-421.
- Palacıoğlu, G., Şanlı, İ., Bayraktar, H., Göksel, Ö., 2020. Determination of resistance sources to BCMV and BCMNV in some common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars grown in Turkey. International Journal of Agriculture and Wildlife Science, 6(3): 453-460. (In Turkish).
- Peñaflor, M.F.G., Mauck, K.E., Alves, K.J., De Moraes, C.M., Mescher, M.C., 2016. Effects of single and mixed infections of bean pod mottle virus and soybean mosaic virus on host‐plant chemistry and host-vector interactions. Functional Ecology, 30(10): 1648-1659.
- Santosa, A.I., Randa-Zelyüt, F., Karanfil, A., Korkmaz, S., Hartono, S., Ertunç, F., 2023. Phylogenetic and diversity analyses revealed that leek yellow stripe virus population consists of three types: S, L, and N. Virus Genes, 59(1): 121-131.
- Saqib, M., Jones, R.A.C., Cayford, B., Jones, M.G.K., 2005. First report of bean common mosaic virus in Western Australia. New Disease Report, 54: 563.
- Sharma, O.P., Kapil, R., Sharma, P.M., Pathania, A., 2006. Occurrence and distribution of BCMV strains in Himachal Predes and identification of its resistant sources. International Symposium on Managament of Vector-Borne Viruses, 7-10 February, ICRISAT, India, pp. 81-82.
- Silbernagel, M.J., Mink, G.I., Zhao, R.L., Zheng, G.Y., 2001. Phenotypic recombination between bean common mosaic and bean common mosaic necrosis potyviruses in vivo. Archives of Virology, 146: 1007-1020.
- Stewart, V.B., Reddick, D., 1917. Bean mosaic. Phytopathology, 7: 61.
- Su, W., 2013. Molecular identification and analysis of the complete genome sequences of bean common mosaic virus from three legumes. Master’s Thesis, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.
- Tang, M., Feng, X., 2022. Bean common mosaic disease: etiology, resistance resource, and future prospects. Agronomy, 13(1): 58.
- Usta, M., Güller, A., 2020. Molecular characterization of polyprotein genes of two BCMV (Bean common mosaic potyvirus) isolates in Antalya (Turkey) and their genomic divergence. Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, 7(2): 411-419.
- Vemulapati, B.M., Bhat, A.I., 2009. Biological and molecular characterization of bean common mosaic virus associated with vanilla in India. Indian Journal of Virology, 20(2): 70-77.
- Worrall, E.A., Wamonje, F.O., Mukeshimana, G., Harvey, J.J., Carr, J.P., Mitter, N., 2015. Bean common mosaic virus and bean common mosaic necrosis virus: relationships, biology, and prospects for control. Advances in Virus Research, 93: 1-46.
- Yeken, M.Z., Göksel, Ö., Çelik, A., Çiftçi, V., 2018. Identification of genes related to resistance for bean common mosaic virus and bean common mosaic necrosis virus in commercial common bean cultivars in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, 5(4): 613-619. (In Turkish).
- Zaumeyer, W., Meiners, J., 1975. Disease resistance in beans. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 13(1): 313-334.
Bean Common Mosaic Potyvirus (BCMV) Characterized from Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Crops Affected by Mosaic Disease in Denizli Province, Türkiye
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 199 - 207, 31.07.2023
Mustafa Usta
,
Abdullah Güller
Öz
Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the world's oldest crops with both financial and nutritional importance. Bean common mosaic potyvirus (BCMV) is one of the prevalent viral agents that affect beans across the globe. Determining the presence of the agent in the relevant region is critical for minimizing crop losses by implementing appropriate preventive and control measures. In this study, 73 bean leaf samples were collected from bean-growing areas in the Denizli province of Türkiye in 2022. The samples were screened for the presence of viral agents using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with specific primers targeting the polypeptide gene. 26 of the bean samples were found to be positive for BCMV. The coat protein gene sequences of two randomly selected positive isolates were sequenced and deposited in the GenBank with accession numbers OQ910196 and OQ910197. The nucleotide sequences of isolates were found to have high similarity with those of isolates identified in various regions of the world. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that these isolates from Denizli, Türkiye were closely related to other Turkish isolates. However, since some Turkish isolates in the cluster associated with the Denizli isolates were identified as belonging to the US-5 or NL-6 strain, the current sequences may be related to these strains. Further research is necessary to identify the exact strain of the Denizli isolates, which could be achieved through the use of a strain differentiation set.
Kaynakça
- Açıkgöz, S., 1984. The Identification of Viruses on Phaseolus vulgaris L. and Their Distribution and Damages in Erzincan and Erzurum Regions. Atatürk University, Agriculture Faculty, Erzurum, Türkiye. (In Turkish).
- Agrios, G.N., 1997. Plant diseases caused by viruses. Plant Pathology, pp. 479-556.
- Akdura, N., Kılıç, H.Ç., 2022., Detection of alfalfa mosaic virus and tomato spotted wilt virus in tomato and pepper growing areas of Hakkari province. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 26(3): 435-440. (In Turkish).
- Al-Shahwan, I.M., Abdalla, O.A., Al-Saleh, M.A., Amer, M.A., 2017. Detection of new viruses in alfalfa, weeds and cultivated plants growing adjacent to alfalfa fields in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 24(6): 1336-1343.
- Apalak, A., 2018. Determination and characterization of edible legumes in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Master’s Thesis, University of Çukurova, Adana, Türkiye. (In Turkish).
- Arli-Sokmen, M., Deligoz, I., Kutluk-Yilmaz, N.D., 2016. Characterization of bean common mosaic virus and bean common mosaic necrosis virus isolates in common bean growing areas in Turkey. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 146: 1-16.
- Arlı Sökmen, M., Deligöz, İ., Kutluk Yılmaz, N.D., 2011. Differentiation of strains of bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) and bean common mosaic necrosis virus and occurrence of novel temperature-insensitive necrotic isolates of BCMV in Turkey. Proceedings of the Fourth Plant Protection Congress of Turkey, June 28-30, Kahramanmaraş/Turkey, pp. 54. (In Turkish).
- Bitocchi, E., Nanni, L., Bellucci, E., Rossi, M., Giardini, A., Zeuli, P.S., Logozzo, G., Stougaard, J., McClean, P., Attene, G., Papa, R., 2012. Mesoamerican origin of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is revealed by sequence data. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109(14): 788-796.
- Chan, Y.L., Saidov, N., Lee, L.M., Kuo, F.H., Shih, S.L., Kenyon, L., 2022. Survey of viruses infecting tomato, cucumber and mung bean in Tajikistan. Horticulturae, 8(6): 505.
- Çolak Ateş, A., Fidan, H., Yılmaz, N., Konuksal, A., 2017. Botrytis fabae and bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) are the most common diseases of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in TRNC. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi, 6(2): 115-122.
- Collmer, C.W., Marston, M.F., Taylor, J.C., Jahn, M., 2000. The I gene of bean: A dosage-dependent allele conferring extreme resistance, hypersensitive resistance, or spreading vascular necrosis in response to the potyvirus bean common mosaic virus. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 13(11): 1266-1270.
- Coutts, B.A., Kehoe, M.A., Webster, C.G., Wylie, S.J., Jones, R.A.C., 2011. Indigenous and introduced potyviruses of legumes and Passiflora spp. from Australia: Biological properties and comparison of coat protein nucleotide sequences. Archives of Virology, 156: 1757-1774.
- Çulal Kılıç, H., Kök, H., Yardimci, N., 2020. Bean ommon mosaic virus (BCMV) and bean common necrosis mosaic virus (BCMNV) infections in common bean fields in the Lakes Region, Turkey. European Journal of Science and Technology, 19: 386-392.
- Çulal Kılıç, H., Yardımcı, N., Açıkyürek, S., Uzal, A., 2015. Detection of BCMV AMV and CMV by DAS ELISA and immunocapture RT PCR in bean growing areas in the West Mediterranean Region Turkey. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 24(5): 1752-1756.
- Çulal-Kılıç, H., Yardimci, N., 2015. Occurrence of alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) infecting bean crop in Burdur province, Turkey. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 3(2): 173-177.
- Damayanti, T.A., Alabi, O.J., Rauf, A., Naidu, R.A., 2010. The occurrence of bean common mosaic virus and cucumber mosaic virus in Yardlong beans in Indonesia. Plant Disease, 94(4): 478-478.
- Deligoz, I., Arli-Sokmen, M., 2008. Differentiation of bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) and bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV) strains infecting common bean in Samsun Province. Journal of Turkish Phytopathology, 37(1-3): 1-14.
- Deligöz, I., Arlı Sökmen, M., 2013. Determination of resistance to bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) and bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV) in some common bean genotypes using qualitative, quantitative and molecular methods. Plant Protection Bulletin, 53(2): 101-113. (In Turkish).
- Drijfhout, E., 1978. Genetic interaction between Phaseolus vulgaris and bean common mosaic virus with implications for strain identification and breeding for resistance. Doctoral Thesis, Wageningen University and Research, Netherlands.
- El-Sawy, M.A., Mohamed, H.A.E., Elsharkawy, M.M., 2013. Serological and molecular characterisations of the Egyptian isolate of bean common mosaic virus. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 47(12): 1-13.
- Flores-Estevez, N., Acosta-Gallegos, J., Silva-Rosales, L., 2003. Bean common mosaic virus and bean common mosaic necrosis virus in Mexico. Plant Disease, 87(1): 21-25.
- Foissac, L., Gentit, P., Svanetia-Dumas, L., Dulucq, M.J., Candresse, T., 2001. Polyvalent detection of fruit tree tricho, capillo, and foveaviruses by nested RT-PCR using degenerated and inosine-containing primers (PDO RT-PCR). Acta Horticulturae, 550: 37-43.
- Galvez, G., Morales, F., 1989. Aphid-transmitted viruses. In: H.F. Schwartz and M.A. Pastor-Corrales (Eds.), Bean Production Problems in the Tropics (2nd Edn.), Cali, Colombia: Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, pp. 211-240.
- Gibbs, A.J., Trueman, J., Gibbs, M.J., 2008. The bean common mosaic virus lineage of potyviruses: Where did it arise and when? Archives of Virology, 153(12): 2177-2187.
- Güller, A., Usta, M., 2018. Cloning and molecular characterization of the coat protein gene of Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) isolate isolated from bean plants in Van province. 1st Anatolian International Multidisciplinary Studies Congress, 28-29 Aralık, Diyarbakır, Türkiye, p. 211. (In Turkish).
- Gümüş, M., Erkan, S., Yorgancı, Ü., Duman, I., 2001. Research on the detection of viral agents in the seeds of certain vegetables. Türkiye IX. Phytopathology Congress, 3-8 Eylül, Tekirdağ, Türkiye, pp. 190-197. (In Turkish).
- Güzel, Ö., Arlı Sökmen, M., 2003. Determination of some viruses infecting common bean (Phaseoulus vulgaris L.) and their incidences in seed lots in Samsun province. The Journal of Turkish Phytopathology, 32(2) : 99-106.
- Halbert, S.E., Mink, G.I., Silbernagel, M.J., Mowry, T.M., 1994. Transmission of bean common mosaic virus by cereal aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae). Plant Disease, 78(10): 983-985.
- Hosseini, A., Hosseini, S., 2014. Occurrence and distribution of bean common mosaic virus and bean yellow mosaic virus from common bean fields of Kerman Province, Iran. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences, 4(2): 528-535.
- Hull, R., 2014. Plant Virology (5th Ed.). Academic Press, New York.
- Ivanov, K.I., Eskelin, K., Lo˜hmus, A., Ma¨kinen, K., 2014. Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying potyvirus infection. Journal of General Virology, 95(7): 1415-1429.
- Johnson, W.C., Guzmán, P., Mandala, D., Mkandawire, A.B.C., Temple, S., Gilbertson, R.L., Gepts, P., 1997. Molecular tagging of the BC-3 gene for introgression into Andean common bean. Crop Science, 37(1): 248-254.
- Jordan, R., Hammond, J., 2008. Bean common mosaic virus and bean common mosaic necrosis virus. In: B.W.J. Mahy and M.H.V. Van Regenmortel (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Virology, (3rd Edition), Academic Press, pp. 288-295.
- Kelly, J.D., Afanador, L., Haley, S.D., 1995. Pyramiding genes for resistance to bean common mosaic virus. Euphytica, 82: 207-212.
- Kılıç, H.Ç., Kök, H., Yardımcı, N., 2020. Bean common mosaic virus and bean common mosaic necrosis virus infections in bean production areas in The Lakes Region of Turkey. European Journal of Science and Technology, 19: 386-392.
- Kılıç, H.Ç., Yardımcı, N., Ürgen, G., 2013. Investigation of some important virus diseases on bean plants in Muğla-Fethiye subprovince. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Bursa Uludag University, 27(1): 1-8. (In Turkish).
Kutluk Yılmaz, N.D., Gümüş, M., Erkan, S., 2002. Studies on determination of virus diseases in the seeds of bean from Tokat province. Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Ege University, 38(3): 49-55.
- Larsen, R.C., Miklas, P.N., Eastwell, K.C., Grau, C.R., Mondjana, A., 2002. A virus disease complex devastating late season snap bean production in the Midwest. Annual Report-Bean Improvement Cooperative, 45: 36-37.
- Lillian, C., Msuku, W.A., 2001. Sattus of common bean bean mosaic virus in common beans in Malawi. Bean/Cowpea Collaborative Research Subbort Program-East Africa Proceddings: Bean Seed Workshop Arusha, January 12-14, Tanzania.
- Morales, F.J., 2006. Common beans. In: G. Loebenstein and J.P. Carr (Eds.), Natural Resistance Mechanisms of Plants to Viruses, The Netherlands: Springer, pp. 367-382.
- Muhire, B.M., Varsani, A., Martin, D.P., 2014. SDT: A virus classifcation tool based on pairwise sequence alignment and identity calculation. PLoS One, 9(9): e108277.
- Naderpour, M., Lund, O.S., Larsen, R., Johansen, E., 2010. Potyviral resistance derived from cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris carrying BC‐3 is associated with the homozygotic presence of a mutated eIF4E allele. Molecular Plant Pathology, 11(2): 255-263.
- Nault, B.A., Shah, D.A., Dillard, H.R., Mcfaul, A.R., 2004. Seasonal and spatial dynamics of alate aphid dispersal in snap bean fields in proximity to alfalfa and implications for virus management. Environment Entomology, 33(6): 1593-1601.
- Oana, D., Ziegler, A., Torrance, L., Gasemi, S., Danci, M., 2009. Potyviridae family-short review. Journal of Horticulture, Forestry and Biotechnology, 13: 410-421.
- Palacıoğlu, G., Şanlı, İ., Bayraktar, H., Göksel, Ö., 2020. Determination of resistance sources to BCMV and BCMNV in some common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars grown in Turkey. International Journal of Agriculture and Wildlife Science, 6(3): 453-460. (In Turkish).
- Peñaflor, M.F.G., Mauck, K.E., Alves, K.J., De Moraes, C.M., Mescher, M.C., 2016. Effects of single and mixed infections of bean pod mottle virus and soybean mosaic virus on host‐plant chemistry and host-vector interactions. Functional Ecology, 30(10): 1648-1659.
- Santosa, A.I., Randa-Zelyüt, F., Karanfil, A., Korkmaz, S., Hartono, S., Ertunç, F., 2023. Phylogenetic and diversity analyses revealed that leek yellow stripe virus population consists of three types: S, L, and N. Virus Genes, 59(1): 121-131.
- Saqib, M., Jones, R.A.C., Cayford, B., Jones, M.G.K., 2005. First report of bean common mosaic virus in Western Australia. New Disease Report, 54: 563.
- Sharma, O.P., Kapil, R., Sharma, P.M., Pathania, A., 2006. Occurrence and distribution of BCMV strains in Himachal Predes and identification of its resistant sources. International Symposium on Managament of Vector-Borne Viruses, 7-10 February, ICRISAT, India, pp. 81-82.
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